Octavian Orders Caesarion's Death

After defeating Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 30 BC, Octavian-the adopted son of Julius Caesar who would later become Emperor Augustus-ordered the execution of Ptolemy XV Caesarion, Caesar's only known biological son with Cleopatra. Caesarion, just 17 years old, was the last pharaoh of Egypt. Octavian acted on the advice of his companion Arius Didymus, who warned, "Too many Caesars is not good."

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