Flowering Plants Thrive in Ice

Despite 98% of Antarctica being covered by ice averaging 1.9 kilometers (1.2 miles) thick, two species of flowering plants grow there: Colobanthus quitensis (Antarctic pearlwort) and Deschampsia antarctica (Antarctic hairgrass). Colobanthus quitensis produces small yellow-green flowers and survives by accumulating high concentrations of sugars to prevent ice formation within its cells. Both species are wind-pollinated and have adapted to the harsh conditions by forming dense mats that conserve heat and moisture, allowing them to endure freezing temperatures and limited nutrients.

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